What is a bone graft?

A bone graft is a procedure that consists of rebuilding the alveolar bone, which is the bone of the jaw in which the roots of the teeth are anchored. This surgery aims to correct the decrease in the volume of the alveolar bone that occurs when we lose teeth and do not replace them quickly enough. Studies have shown that patients who have undergone dental extraction lose 40 to 60% of the bone surrounding the extraction site over the next three years. Indeed, the presence of teeth in the bone offers natural stimulation. This presence allows, among other things, the bone to keep an adequate height and thickness. However, when a natural tooth is missing due to loss or extraction, the alveolar bone is no longer sufficiently stimulated, which causes atrophy. The more missing teeth, the greater the bone degradation incurred. This surgery can also be suggested for people who simply do not have enough bone volume in the jaws to receive dental implants. Thus, bone grafting is a procedure that also gives the volume of bone necessary to allow the solid implantation of new restoration that will replace those teeth that have fallen.

The reasons for a bone graft

Bone grafting is a very successful procedure in most cases. It is also the best alternative if we need to place an implant and replace a missing, sick or malformed tooth. A bone graft can increase the height or width of the jaw and fill voids and bone defects. Your dentist may suggest this procedure to stabilize the bone and help restore the foundation of the jaw in order to later place dental implants. This procedure can also be indicated to correct bone deformations and provide better support. Also, bone grafts can limit or prevent bone resorption after dental extraction, periodontal disease or other invasive procedures.

The different types of bone grafts and the steps of the procedure

There are several types of bone graft materials. Your dentist who will perform the bone graft will determine the type of material that is most appropriate for your condition. To do this, he will take into account various factors, including the condition of your jaw bone and the condition of your overall health as well as the rate of bone replacement needed. He will carefully examine your mouth, teeth, adjacent tissues and take the necessary X-rays. The preferences expressed by patients can also intervene in the choice.

• Autogenic grafting: Bone is taken at specific regions from the patient himself.
  (Usually on the posterior part of the lower jaw or chin). If large quantities of bone need to be removed, the hip or tibia can be used. This method has the advantage of producing more predictable results as it is live bone coming from the patient himself.
• Autogenic grafting: Bone is taken at specific regions from the patient himself.
  (Usually on the posterior part of the lower jaw or chin). If large quantities of bone need to be removed, the hip or tibia can be used. This method has the advantage of producing more predictable results as it is live bone coming from the patient himself.
• Xenogenic grafting: These are grafts from the bovine species (cow). A xenograft is perfectly safe and is used successfully. A good amount of bone can be obtained and no other secondary donors are needed.

The course of the intervention

The bone grafting procedure is relatively simple.

1. The dentist will perform local anesthesia at the donor site (if autogenic) and grafting sites. A small incision will be made to prepare the site and the new bone will be attached to it.
2. If necessary, a synthetic membrane can be used to cover the graft. This membrane prevents invasion by bacteria and soft tissues and promotes bone growth.
3. You will receive instructions for post-operative care and your dentist will prescribe medications to help prevent an infection and relieve discomfort.